Meta description: Tổng hợp phrasal verbs nâng cao dành cho học sinh ôn thi chuyên Anh, kèm nghĩa, ví dụ, mẹo học, bài tập trắc nghiệm và bài tập điền từ có đáp án.

1. Vì sao phrasal verbs là “điểm rơi” quan trọng trong đề thi chuyên Anh?

Phrasal verbs là một trong những phần kiến thức dễ mất điểm nhất trong các đề thi chuyên Anh, thi học sinh giỏi và các bài kiểm tra nâng cao. Lý do là vì nghĩa của phrasal verbs thường không thể đoán trực tiếp từ từng từ riêng lẻ. Ví dụ, give up không chỉ là “đưa lên”, mà nghĩa đúng là “từ bỏ”; make out có thể mang nghĩa “nhìn/nghe/hiểu được”, còn turn out lại có nghĩa “hóa ra là”.

Trong các đề thi chuyên Anh, phrasal verbs thường xuất hiện dưới dạng:

• Chọn đáp án A, B, C, D.
• Điền phrasal verb phù hợp vào chỗ trống.
• Viết lại câu giữ nguyên nghĩa.
• Đọc hiểu có chứa cụm động từ nâng cao.
• Bài viết yêu cầu dùng từ vựng tự nhiên, giống người bản xứ.

Muốn làm tốt phần này, học sinh không nên học từng cụm một cách rời rạc. Thay vào đó, hãy học theo ngữ cảnh, nhóm nghĩa, giới từ đi kèm và cấu trúc câu thường gặp trong đề thi.

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2. Phrasal verbs là gì?

Phrasal verb là cụm động từ được tạo bởi:

Verb + Particle

Trong đó, particle có thể là giới từ hoặc trạng từ như: up, down, out, off, on, in, away, over, into, through, with, for, to.

Ví dụ:

• turn off = tắt
  Please turn off the lights before leaving the room.
• look up = tra cứu
  You should look up unfamiliar words in a reliable dictionary.
• come up with = nghĩ ra, đề xuất
  She came up with a brilliant solution to the problem.

Một số phrasal verbs có nghĩa khá dễ đoán, nhưng nhiều cụm có nghĩa bóng hoặc nghĩa thành ngữ, khiến học sinh dễ chọn sai đáp án.

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3. Cách học phrasal verbs hiệu quả cho học sinh ôn thi chuyên Anh

3.1. Học theo nhóm động từ gốc

Ví dụ với động từ take:

• take after = giống ai trong gia đình
• take off = cất cánh; cởi ra; trở nên thành công
• take on = tuyển dụng; đảm nhận
• take over = tiếp quản
• take up = bắt đầu một sở thích; chiếm thời gian/không gian
• take in = hiểu; lừa; cho ở nhờ

Cách học này giúp học sinh nhớ hệ thống và dễ phân biệt nghĩa.

3.2. Học theo chủ đề đề thi

Các đề chuyên Anh thường dùng phrasal verbs trong các chủ đề:

• Giáo dục: drop out of, catch up with, keep up with
• Công việc: take on, take over, carry out, set up
• Xã hội: bring about, cut down on, do away with
• Cảm xúc: get over, put up with, fall out with
• Nghiên cứu: look into, figure out, shed light on
• Giao tiếp: bring up, cut in, talk back to

3.3. Học bằng ví dụ hoàn chỉnh

Không nên chỉ học:

put off = trì hoãn

Nên học:

put off something / put something off = postpone
The match was put off because of heavy rain.

Khi học bằng câu, học sinh sẽ nhớ được cấu trúc, vị trí tân ngữ và ngữ cảnh dùng từ.

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4. Bảng phrasal verbs nâng cao thường gặp trong đề thi chuyên Anh

Phrasal verb	Meaning	Example
account for	giải thích; chiếm tỷ lệ	The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue.
back up	ủng hộ; sao lưu	His colleagues backed him up during the meeting.
break away	tách ra, ly khai	The group broke away from the main organization.
break down	hỏng; suy sụp; phân tích	Our car broke down on the way home.
break in	ngắt lời; đột nhập	Don’t break in while someone is speaking.
break into	đột nhập; bắt đầu đột ngột	Thieves broke into the house last night.
break off	chấm dứt đột ngột	They broke off the negotiations.
break up	chia tay; tan rã	She broke up with her boyfriend last week.
bring about	gây ra, mang lại	The new policy brought about many changes.
bring in	đưa ra; ban hành; thuê/tuyển	The government plans to bring in a new law.
bring out	làm nổi bật; phát hành	The crisis brought out the best in him.
bring up	nêu ra; nuôi dạy	She brought up an important issue at the meeting.
call for	đòi hỏi; kêu gọi	Success calls for patience and hard work.
call off	hủy bỏ	They called off the picnic because of the storm.
call on	ghé thăm; kêu gọi	The teacher called on students to answer.
carry on	tiếp tục	Please carry on with your work.
carry out	thực hiện	Scientists carried out a controlled experiment.
catch on	trở nên phổ biến; hiểu ra	The new app quickly caught on among teenagers.
catch up on	bù lại phần đã bỏ lỡ	I need to catch up on the lessons I missed.
catch up with	bắt kịp	He studied hard to catch up with his classmates.
clear out	dọn sạch	She cleared out her old locker.
clear up	giải quyết; làm sáng tỏ	We need to clear up this misunderstanding.
close down	đóng cửa vĩnh viễn	The factory was closed down last year.
come about	xảy ra	How did this problem come about?
come across	tình cờ gặp/thấy	I came across an old photo in the drawer.
come in for	hứng chịu, nhận nhiều chỉ trích	The policy came in for heavy criticism.
come into	thừa kế	He came into a large fortune.
come out	lộ ra; được xuất bản	The truth finally came out.
come round	tỉnh lại; đổi ý	She came round after the operation.
come up with	nghĩ ra, đề xuất	He came up with a creative solution.
count on	tin cậy, dựa vào	You can count on her in difficult times.
cut down on	cắt giảm	You should cut down on sugar.
cut in	chen ngang	He cut in while I was explaining the problem.
deal with	xử lý, đối phó	The manager is good at dealing with difficult customers.
die out	tuyệt chủng, biến mất	Many species may die out if we do nothing.
do away with	bãi bỏ	Some cities have done away with old tram systems.
drop in on	ghé thăm ai bất ngờ	My grandparents often drop in on us.
drop out of	bỏ học, bỏ cuộc	He dropped out of school before graduation.
face up to	đối mặt với	Young people must face up to many challenges.
fall back on	dựa vào khi cần	If he loses his job, he can fall back on his savings.
fall for	bị lừa; phải lòng	She fell for his lies.
fall out with	cãi nhau, bất hòa	He fell out with his best friend.
figure out	tìm ra, hiểu ra	I finally figured out how to solve the problem.
fill in	điền vào	Please fill in this application form.
fill up	đổ đầy	I stopped at a garage to fill up the tank.
find out	phát hiện, tìm ra	We need to find out what happened.
follow up	tiếp tục theo dõi	The researcher followed up his initial study.
get along with	hòa thuận với	She gets along well with her colleagues.
get away	thoát khỏi; rời xa	We went to the beach to get away from the crowds.
get by on	xoay xở sống bằng	How can students get by on so little money?
get on with	hòa hợp; tiếp tục làm	I find it hard to get on with some colleagues.
get over	vượt qua; hồi phục	It took him months to get over the illness.
get through	vượt qua; hoàn thành	He won’t get through the exam without studying.
give away	cho đi; tiết lộ	The millionaire gave away much of his money.
give in	nhượng bộ	He refused to give in to their demands.
give off	tỏa ra	The chemical is giving off a horrible smell.
give up	từ bỏ	I’ve tried to give up smoking.
go into	bàn sâu, xem xét kỹ	I don’t want to go into the details now.
go off	reo; hỏng; ôi thiu	My alarm clock didn’t go off this morning.
go on with	tiếp tục	She decided to go on with her studies.
hand over	giao nộp, bàn giao	She handed over the money to the robber.
hold up	trì hoãn; cướp có vũ trang	The accident held up traffic for hours.
keep on	tiếp tục làm	He kept on asking the same question.
keep up with	theo kịp	Students need to keep up with new technology.
leave out	bỏ sót, loại ra	Don’t leave out any important details.
light up	châm lửa; bừng sáng	He lit up a cigarette outside the building.
look after	chăm sóc	She looked after her mother for years.
look down on	coi thường	He looks down on people who are poorer than him.
look forward to	mong chờ	I look forward to hearing from you.
look into	điều tra, xem xét	The police are looking into the case.
look up	tra cứu	You can look up the word in a dictionary.
look up to	kính trọng, ngưỡng mộ	I’ve always looked up to my father.
make out	nhìn/nghe/hiểu được	It was too foggy to make out the road signs.
make up for	bù đắp	He worked hard to make up for lost time.
move out of	chuyển ra khỏi	They moved out of their old apartment.
pass away	qua đời	Her grandfather passed away peacefully.
pay off	trả hết nợ; có kết quả	His hard work finally paid off.
pay towards	góp tiền cho	He used the money to pay towards his tuition.
pull out	rút lui	The company pulled out of the project.
put across	truyền đạt	The professor put his ideas across clearly.
put down	đàn áp; ghi xuống; làm ai thấy thấp kém	The government put down the rebellion.
put forward	đề xuất	They put forward a new plan.
put off	trì hoãn; làm nản lòng	The match was put off until next week.
put on	mặc vào; tổ chức; tăng cân	The council put on a concert for charity.
put out	dập tắt	Firefighters put out the fire quickly.
put up with	chịu đựng	I can’t put up with this noise any longer.
run across	tình cờ gặp/thấy	I ran across some old letters yesterday.
run into	tình cờ gặp; gặp vấn đề	We ran into an old friend on the way here.
run out of	hết sạch	We ran out of milk this morning.
run on	kéo dài liên tục	The discussion ran on for hours.
save up	tiết kiệm	She is saving up to study abroad.
set up	thành lập; sắp đặt	They set up a new charity organization.
show off	khoe khoang	He is always showing off his expensive watch.
show up	xuất hiện	He never shows up on time.
stand out	nổi bật	Mary stood out because of her excellent performance.
stand for	đại diện cho; chấp nhận	What does this abbreviation stand for?
take after	giống người thân	She takes after her mother.
take in	hiểu; lừa; tiếp nhận	Her explanation was too hard to take in.
take off	cất cánh; cởi ra; thành công nhanh	The plane took off on time.
take on	tuyển dụng; đảm nhận	The company is taking on new staff.
take out	lấy ra; nhổ bỏ; mua dịch vụ	The dentist had to take out the damaged tooth.
take over	tiếp quản	She took over as head of department.
take up	bắt đầu; chiếm	He took up photography last year.
think back on	nhớ lại	She often thinks back on her childhood.
think over	cân nhắc	You should think over the offer carefully.
throw away	vứt bỏ; bỏ phí	Don’t throw away such a good opportunity.
turn down	từ chối; vặn nhỏ	He was turned down for the job.
turn into	biến thành	The frog turned into a prince.
turn off	tắt	Don’t forget to turn off the lights.
turn out	hóa ra; sản xuất	The plan turned out to be successful.
turn up	xuất hiện; vặn to	This opportunity turned up at the right time.
wipe out	xóa sạch, phá hủy hoàn toàn	The disease wiped out thousands of people.
work out	tìm ra; tập luyện; diễn ra tốt	We need to work out the best solution.
wear off	mất dần tác dụng	The painkiller started to wear off.
seize up	ngừng hoạt động vì kẹt	The engine seized up after years of use.
shed light on	làm sáng tỏ	New research may shed light on the causes of the disease.
strive for	phấn đấu đạt được	Many young people strive for independence.
participate in	tham gia	Students often participate in volunteer work.
derive from	bắt nguồn từ	Many medicines are derived from natural products.
consist of	bao gồm	The committee consists of ten members.

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5. Những cặp phrasal verbs dễ nhầm trong đề thi

5.1. Give up, give in, give off, give away

• give up = từ bỏ
  He gave up smoking.
• give in = nhượng bộ
  The company finally gave in to the workers’ demands.
• give off = tỏa ra
  The flowers give off a sweet smell.
• give away = cho đi; tiết lộ
  He gave away most of his fortune to charity.

5.2. Take off, take on, take over, take up

• take off = cất cánh; cởi ra; trở nên thành công
  The plane took off at 8 a.m.
• take on = tuyển dụng; đảm nhận
  The company is taking on more workers.
• take over = tiếp quản
  She took over the family business.
• take up = bắt đầu một hoạt động; chiếm thời gian/không gian
  He took up tennis when he was twelve.

5.3. Put off, put out, put on, put up with

• put off = trì hoãn
  The meeting was put off until Friday.
• put out = dập tắt
  They put out the campfire before sleeping.
• put on = mặc vào; tổ chức
  She put on her coat before going out.
• put up with = chịu đựng
  I can’t put up with his rude behavior.

5.4. Turn down, turn up, turn out, turn into

• turn down = từ chối; vặn nhỏ
  He turned down the job offer.
• turn up = xuất hiện; vặn to
  She turned up late for the interview.
• turn out = hóa ra
  The story turned out to be false.
• turn into = biến thành
  The small village turned into a busy town.

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6. Mẹo làm bài phrasal verbs trong đề thi chuyên Anh

Mẹo 1: Xác định nghĩa của cả câu trước khi nhìn đáp án

Ví dụ:

The workers agreed to ____ the strike after the company accepted their demands.

Câu này nói về việc công nhân dừng đình công, vì vậy đáp án phù hợp là call off.

Mẹo 2: Chú ý tân ngữ nằm giữa phrasal verb

Một số phrasal verbs có thể tách được:

• turn off the lights = turn the lights off
• put out the fire = put the fire out
• cross out the word = cross the word out

Nhưng nếu tân ngữ là đại từ, thường phải đặt ở giữa:

• Correct: Turn it off.
• Incorrect: Turn off it.

Mẹo 3: Học cả giới từ sau phrasal verb dài

Các cụm như put up with, look forward to, come up with, cut down on, keep up with rất dễ sai vì học sinh thường bỏ mất giới từ cuối.

Ví dụ:

• I look forward to hearing from you.
• He came up with a new idea.
• You should cut down on fast food.

Mẹo 4: Đừng dịch từng chữ

Không nên dịch look down on là “nhìn xuống trên”. Nghĩa đúng là coi thường.

Không nên dịch come up with là “đi lên với”. Nghĩa đúng là nghĩ ra, đề xuất.

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7. Bài tập phrasal verbs nâng cao

I. Chọn đáp án đúng A, B, C hoặc D để hoàn thành mỗi câu sau.

1. The meeting was ____ because the manager was ill.

A. put on

B. put off

C. put out

D. put up with

2. The new policy has ____ many positive changes in the education system.

A. brought about

B. brought up

C. brought out

D. brought in

3. I can’t ____ his rude behaviour any longer.

A. put off

B. put out

C. put up with

D. put down

4. She ____ a brilliant idea during the discussion.

A. came up with

B. came across

C. came into

D. came about

5. The old man couldn’t ____ the words on the sign because it was too dark.

A. make out

B. make up for

C. make off

D. make into

6. Students need to work hard to ____ the latest developments in technology.

A. keep away from

B. keep up with

C. keep out of

D. keep on

7. The factory was ____ because it had been losing money for years.

A. closed down

B. broken up

C. taken over

D. put on

8. She was very disappointed, but she finally ____ the failure.

A. got over

B. got through

C. got by on

D. got away

9. The chemical is ____ a strange smell.

A. giving up

B. giving in

C. giving off

D. giving away

10. He decided to ____ smoking after many years.

A. give up

B. give in

C. give off

D. give away

11. The police are ____ the cause of the accident.

A. looking after

B. looking into

C. looking up

D. looking down on

12. I ____ an old friend while I was walking through the market.

A. ran into

B. ran out of

C. ran on

D. ran down

13. The company decided to ____ more workers for the new project.

A. take off

B. take over

C. take on

D. take in

14. The plane will ____ in ten minutes.

A. take off

B. take up

C. take out

D. take after

15. His explanation was so complicated that I couldn’t ____ it all.

A. take in

B. take after

C. take off

D. take over

16. She ____ her mother; they both have the same smile.

A. takes after

B. looks after

C. runs after

D. comes after

17. They had to ____ the fire before leaving the campsite.

A. put off

B. put on

C. put out

D. put across

18. The truth finally ____ after months of investigation.

A. came out

B. came into

C. came across

D. came round

19. He was ____ for the job because he lacked experience.

A. turned up

B. turned down

C. turned into

D. turned out

20. We need to ____ the best way to solve this problem.

A. work out

B. wipe out

C. wear off

D. watch out

21. Food may ____ if it is not kept in the refrigerator.

A. go off

B. go on

C. go over

D. go into

22. The professor managed to ____ his ideas clearly to the students.

A. put across

B. put out

C. put off

D. put down

23. The government decided to ____ a new law to protect endangered animals.

A. bring up

B. bring in

C. bring out

D. bring round

24. Many students ____ school because they cannot cope with academic pressure.

A. drop in on

B. drop out of

C. drop off

D. drop by

25. He spent the whole night thinking and finally ____ a solution.

A. came up with

B. came down with

C. came out with

D. came across with

26. The accident ____ traffic for more than two hours.

A. held out

B. held over

C. held up

D. held down

27. I always ____ my grandfather because of his kindness and wisdom.

A. look for

B. look after

C. look up to

D. look into

28. He is trying to ____ the amount of time he spends playing video games.

A. cut down on

B. cut off

C. cut in

D. cut up

29. The discussion ____ for hours without reaching any conclusion.

A. ran away

B. ran on

C. ran out

D. ran down

30. It took him a long time to ____ the death of his close friend.

A. get over

B. get by

C. get through

D. get away

Đáp án trắc nghiệm:
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.A

II. Điền phrasal verb phù hợp vào mỗi chỗ trống. Chia động từ nếu cần.

Danh sách gợi ý:
bring about, call off, come across, come up with, cut down on, figure out, get over, give up, keep up with, look into, make out, put off, put up with, run out of, take over

1. The football match was __________ because of the heavy rain.

2. Scientists are trying to __________ the causes of the mysterious disease.

3. She needs to __________ sugar if she wants to improve her health.

4. I __________ an interesting article while I was searching for information online.

5. The new principal has __________ many important changes in the school.

6. I can’t __________ this noise any longer.

7. He finally managed to __________ a solution to the problem.

8. We have __________ milk, so I need to go to the supermarket.

9. It took her a long time to __________ the shock of losing the competition.

10. The company will __________ more staff next month if sales continue to rise.

11. I couldn’t __________ what he was saying because the room was too noisy.

12. Students must work hard to __________ their classmates.

13. The police promised to __________ the matter carefully.

14. Don’t __________ your dream just because you failed once.

15. They decided to __________ the meeting until next Monday.

Đáp án bài điền:

1. called off
2. figure out
3. cut down on
4. came across
5. brought about
6. put up with
7. come up with
8. run out of
9. get over
10. take over
11. make out
12. keep up with
13. look into
14. give up
15. put off

III. Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi, sử dụng phrasal verb gợi ý. Không thay đổi dạng của từ gợi ý.

1. The match was postponed because of the heavy rain.
→ The match __________________________ because of the heavy rain.(PUT)

2. She resembles her mother in both appearance and personality.
→ She __________________________ her mother in both appearance and personality.(TAKES)

3. I cannot tolerate his rude behaviour any longer.
→ I cannot __________________________ his rude behaviour any longer.(PUT)

4. The company employed 50 new workers last month.
→ The company __________________________ 50 new workers last month.(TOOK)

5. Scientists are investigating the causes of the disease.
→ Scientists are __________________________ the causes of the disease.(LOOKING)

6. He finally recovered from the shock of failing the exam.
→ He finally __________________________ the shock of failing the exam.(GOT)

7. The new policy caused many important changes.
→ The new policy __________________________ many important changes.(BROUGHT)

8. I met an old friend by chance yesterday.
→ I __________________________ an old friend yesterday.(RAN)

9. She rejected the offer because the salary was too low.
→ She __________________________ the offer because the salary was too low. (TURNED)

10. They cancelled the outdoor concert due to bad weather.
→ They __________________________ the outdoor concert due to bad weather.(CALLED)

11. We have no sugar left.
→ We have __________________________ sugar.(RUN)

12. He discovered the truth after reading the report.
→ He __________________________ the truth after reading the report.(FOUND)

13. The teacher explained the idea clearly to the class.
→ The teacher __________________________ the idea clearly to the class.(PUT)

14. She is trying to reduce the amount of coffee she drinks.
→ She is trying to __________________________ coffee.(CUT)

15. He suggested a useful solution to the problem.
→ He __________________________ a useful solution to the problem.(CAME)

16. We need to solve this problem before Friday.
→ We need to __________________________ this problem before Friday.(WORK)

17. Many rare animals may become extinct soon.
→ Many rare animals may __________________________ soon.(DIE)

18. The plane left the ground at exactly 9 a.m.
→ The plane __________________________ at exactly 9 a.m.(TOOK)

19. I respect my English teacher very much.
→ I __________________________ my English teacher very much.(LOOK)

20. The alarm rang at six o’clock this morning.
→ The alarm __________________________ at six o’clock this morning.(WENT)

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Đáp án bài viết lại câu

1. The match was put off because of the heavy rain.
2. She takes after her mother in both appearance and personality.
3. I cannot put up with his rude behaviour any longer.
4. The company took on 50 new workers last month.
5. Scientists are looking into the causes of the disease.
6. He finally got over the shock of failing the exam.
7. The new policy brought about many important changes.
8. I ran into an old friend yesterday.
9. She turned down the offer because the salary was too low.
10. They called off the outdoor concert due to bad weather.
11. We have run out of sugar.
12. He found out the truth after reading the report.
13. The teacher put across the idea clearly to the class.
14. She is trying to cut down on coffee.
15. He came up with a useful solution to the problem.
16. We need to work out this problem before Friday.
17. Many rare animals may die out soon.
18. The plane took off at exactly 9 a.m.
19. I look up to my English teacher very much.
20. The alarm went off at six o’clock this morning.

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8. Lộ trình học phrasal verbs trong 4 tuần

Tuần 1: Nắm nhóm cơ bản nhưng hay thi

Học các cụm với:

• get
• give
• go
• look
• put
• take

Mỗi ngày học 10 cụm, viết 10 câu ví dụ và làm 10 câu trắc nghiệm.

Tuần 2: Học nhóm nâng cao theo chủ đề

Tập trung vào các chủ đề thường gặp:

• Education: drop out of, catch up with, keep up with
• Work: take on, take over, carry out, set up
• Society: bring about, do away with, cut down on
• Emotion: get over, fall out with, put up with

Tuần 3: Luyện đề chọn đáp án

Mỗi ngày làm 30–50 câu trắc nghiệm. Sau khi làm xong, không chỉ ghi đáp án đúng mà cần ghi lại:

• Nghĩa của phrasal verb đúng.
• Nghĩa của 3 phương án sai.
• Một câu ví dụ mới do chính mình viết.

Tuần 4: Ôn phân biệt và viết lại câu

Tập trung vào các cặp dễ nhầm:

• turn up / turn out / turn down / turn into
• give up / give in / give off / give away
• take off / take on / take over / take up
• put off / put out / put on / put up with
• come across / come up with / come about / come into

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9. Kết luận

Phrasal verbs là phần kiến thức quan trọng trong quá trình ôn thi chuyên Anh vì chúng xuất hiện thường xuyên trong trắc nghiệm, đọc hiểu, viết lại câu và bài viết nâng cao. Để học hiệu quả, học sinh không nên chỉ học nghĩa tiếng Việt một cách máy móc, mà cần học theo ngữ cảnh, nhóm động từ, chủ đề và cấu trúc câu.

Nếu nắm chắc các phrasal verbs trong bảng trên, luyện tập đều đặn và biết phân biệt những cụm dễ nhầm, học sinh sẽ cải thiện rõ rệt khả năng xử lý câu hỏi từ vựng trong đề thi chuyên Anh, đồng thời viết và đọc tiếng Anh tự nhiên hơn.